Probiotics have been shown to have a detoxifying effect in the colon via several mechanisms. Studies have shown that probiotics may impact the production of detoxifying agents in the colon (Saikali et al., 2004). Specifically, probiotics alter colonic phase 1 and phase II detoxifying enzymes (Challa et al., 1997). Lactic acid probiotic bacteria also have an effect on the modulation of the production of enzymes responsible for the release of mutagenic agents within the colon that convert procarcinogenic substances into carcinogens (Goldin et al., 1984). Probiotics have an additional detoxifying action by reducing the concentration of bile acids in the colon (Lidbeck et al., 1991).

In vitro studies show that probiotics have the ability to bind with mutagens that are present in the diet (Morotomi et al., 1986). Animal studies have shown that consumption of probiotics reduces the fecal concentration of heterocyclic amines that result from eating meat (Goldin et al., 1984).